Silicone sulfates



United States Patent 3,513,183 SILICONE SULFATES Edward L. Morehouse, New City, N.Y., assignor to Union Carbide Corporation, a corporation of New York No Drawing. Continuation-impart of application Ser. No.

304,988, Aug. 27, 1963. This application Aug. 24, 1966,

Ser. No. 574,576

Int. Cl. C07f 7/08 US. Cl. 260-4482 Claims ABSTRACT OF THE DISCLOSURE Siloxane containing the sulfatoorganoxyalkylsiloxy unit of the formula:

MOsSOR CaH2aSiO where M is a monovalent cation, a is an integer of 2 to 4, x is an integer of 0* to 2, R is a monovalent hydrocarbon group having not more than 18 carbon atoms free of aliphatic unsaturation, R is a divalent polyoxyalkylene group having the formula:

y 2y 9p wherein y is an integer of 2 to 4 and p is an integer of 2 to 100; each said sulfate group MO SO being bonded to carbon of a carbon to carbon chain of said R group, said siloxane containing 1 to 100 mole percent of sulfatoorganoxyalkylsiloxy units of said formula and 0 to 99 mole percent of units represented by the formula:

wherein Z is a member selected from the group consisting This invention relates to novel organosilicon compounds and, more particularly, to siloxanes containing ether groups and sulfate groups bonded to carbon.

This application is a continuation-in-part of copending application, Ser. No. 304,988, filed Aug. 27, 1963 now US. Pat. 3,381,019.

The compounds of this invention are siloxanes containing at least one sulfatoorganoxyalkylsiloxy unit of the formula:

i" 1M03S01bR o.m.si0

wherein M is a monovalent cation, a is an integer of at least 2 and preferably from 2 to 4, x is an integer of 0 to 2, b and c are as hereinafter defined, R is a monovalent hydrocarbon group having not more than 18 carbon atoms free of aliphatic unsaturation, R is a multivalent organic group selected from the class consisting of:

(1) divalent, trivalent and tetravalent groups having the formula:

eat).

3,513,183 Patented May 19, 1970 "ice wherein R" is a monovalent group having not more than 19 carbon atoms selected from the class consisting of methylol, alkanoyloxymethyl, and alkenyloxymethyl, b is an integer of 1 to 3, c is an integer of 1 to 3 and b+c is an integer of 2 to 4 and is equal to the valence of said R group;

(2) acyclic divalent and trivalent groups having the formula:

( y yh-s-c wherein the alkenyloxy group has not more than 6 carbon atoms, b is an integer of 1 to 2, c is an integer of 1 to 2, b represents the number of carbon valences bonded to sulfate groups, and b+c is an integer of 2 to 3 and is equal to the valence of said R group;

(3) divalent polyoxyalkylene groups having the formula:

eHn

wherein y is an integer of 2 to 4 and p is an integer of 2to100,bis1andcisl;

(4) divalent groups having the formula:

wherein n is an integer of 1 to 19; and

(5) divalent groups having the formula:

CPI-

C H2-0 (e) wherein G is hydrogen, MO S, alkenyl or alkanoyl and preferably contains not more than 18 carbon atoms, n is an integer of l to 19, preferably 1 to 10, a is an integer of at least 2 and preferably 2 to 4, and M, x and R are as defined above.

Another class of compounds under Formula 1 includes siloxanes containing one or more unit of the formula:

o0 CH2 I l, Mo soonz-comocmnsio GOCH: 2

wherein G, M, R, a and x have the above-defined meanings.

A further class of compounds under Formula 1 includes siloxanes having one or more unit of the formula:

CGIIllOCaHZnSiOE Go 2 (4) wherein G, M, R, a and x have the above-defined meanings.

Another class of compounds under Formula 1 includes siloxanes having one or more unit of the formula:

and/or R, M0380(C Hz,0) CaHza iO T (7) wherein M, R, a and x have the above-defined meanings and y is an integer of 2 to 4 and p is an integer of 2 to 100. The integer y can be the same or different throughout the same unit. The designation C H O represents a chain made up of oxyalkylene units. When y is the same, the designation represents a polyoxyalkylene chain such as a polyoxyethylene or a polyoxypropylene chain. When y is different, the designation represents a mixed polyoxyalkylene chain such as a poly(oxyethyleneoxypropylene) chain. The mixed polyoxyalkylene chain can contain the different oxyalkylene units in random distribution in the chain or it can contain blocks of several identical oxyalkylene units (e.g., oxyethylene units) joined to blocks made up of several identical oxyalkylene units of another type (e.g., oxypropylene units).

Another class of compounds under Formula 1 includes siloxanes having one or more unit of the formula:

CH2-O T wherein M, R and x have the above-defined meanings and R' is alkylene or alkyleneoxyalkylene wherein each alkylene moiety has 2 to 4 carbon atoms.

Typical of the monovalent cations represented by M in the above formulas are ammonium, alkali metal, e.g., sodium, potassium, lithium, cesium and rubidium, alkyl or aryl substituted ammonium, e.g., triethylamine cation, Et NH+, tetramethylammoniurn cation, Me N+, and the like. Typical of the monovalent hydrocarbon groups represented by R are the linear alkyl groups (e.g., methyl, ethyl, propyl and butyl groups), cyclic alkyl groups (e.g., cyclopentyl and cyclohexyl groups), the aryl groups (e.g., phenyl and naphthyl groups), the alkaryl groups (e.g., tolyl groups), and the aralkyl groups (e.g., the beta-phenylethyl group). Typical of the groups representing C H in the above formulas are the 1,2-ethylene, 1,3-propylene, 1,4-butylene, and 1,5-pentylene groups. Typical alkenyl groups represented by G and in the alkenyloxymethyl groups represented by R in the above formulas and in the alkenyloxy groups of Formula (b) above include allyl, methallyl, vinyl, butenyl, pentenyl and hexenyl groups. Alkanoyl groups represented by G and in the alkanoyloxymethyl group of R in the above formulas have the formula,

CH CbH2bC where b is an integer of 0 to 30. Typical alkanoly groups include lauroyl, palmitoyl, stearoyl, n-caproyl, acetyl, propionyl, butyryl, isobutyryl, n-valeryl, capryl and isovaleryl. Alkylene groups represented by R and in the alkyleneoxyalkylene groups represented y R' in the above formulas include ethylene, 1,3-propylene, 1,2- propylene, and 1,4-butylene and can be the same or different in each R group. In the novel compounds described above the M cations and the R, R" and G groups may be the same as or different from other cations and respective groups throughout each unit or molecule. Likewise the groups R, R' and alkenyloxy can be the same as or different from respective groups throughout each molecule. The integers a, b, c, x, y, p, and n, can be the same or different from unit to unit.

In addition to the sulfatoorganoxyalkylsiloxy units, such as those represented by the above formulas, the siloxanes of this invention can also contain siloxy units represented by the formula:

2 wherein Z represents a hydrogen atom, a monovalent hydrocarbon group free of aliphatic unsaturation such as defined for R above or a monovalent polyoxyalkylene group of the formula DO(C H O) C,,H wherein D is hydrogen, alkyl or phenyl, y is 2 to 4 and may be the same or different in each group, a is as defined above and s is 1 to and 2 has a value from O to 3 inclusive and Z may be the same or different in each unit (10) and/ or molecule and the integers a, y, z and s can be the same or different from unit to unit. Typical of the units represented by Formula 10 are the SiO monomethylsiloxy, dimethylsiloxy, trimethylsiloxy, monophenylsiloxy, methyl[butoxypoly(oxyethyleneoxypropylene)propyl] siloxy, diphenylsiloxy, triphenylsiloxy, =rnethyl(methoxypolyoxyethylenepropyl)siloxy, betaphenylethylsiloxy, methyl(hydrogen)siloxy and methyl(ethyl)siloxy units. When present in the siloxanes of this invention, units represented by Formula 10 are present in an amount from 1 to- 99 mole percent or preferably from 10 to 60 mole percent with the balance of the units in the siloxane being sulfatoorganoxyalkylsiloxy groups as defined above.

The novel compounds of this invention can be produced by either of two reactions: (1) sulfation of carbonbonded hydroxyl-containing siloxanes (hereinafter called silicone alcohols for simplicity) with mild sulfating agents, e.g., sulfamic acid or (2) addition of olefinically unsaturated organic ether or polyether sulfates (hereinafter called alkenyl organic ether sulfates for convenience) and hydrosiloxanes, i.e., siloxanes containing silanic hydrogen.

SULFATION The sulfation referred to above can be illustrated by the equation:

wherein R, R, a, b, c and x are as defined above.

The sulfating conditions used must be relatively mild. Some standard sulfating techniques customarily used to convert fatty organic alcohols to sulfates are not preferred in preparing compositions of this invention because they can cause undue cleavage of siloxane linkages and/ or the ether linkages of the silicone alcohol. The strong sulfating agents which can cause cleavage include sulfuric acid, sulfur trioxide and, under certain conditions, chlorosulfonic acid. Useful sulfating agents include sulfamic acid and complexes of the stronger sulfating agents, including amine complexes, e.g., pyridine and other tertiary amine complexes, phosphorus complexes, e.g., tributyl phosphate complexes, and dimethylformamide,dioxane, and bis(;3- chloroethyl) ether complexes with S0 Strong sulfating agents can be useful only when the reaction mixtures are well buffered to avoid highly acidic conditions. For example, chlorosulfonic acid can sometimes be used if it is added to the silicone alcohol in the presence of a tertiary amine, or if by-product HCl is rapidly removed by some other means. The amount of sulfating agent is not narrowly critical but it is preferable to employ approximately one mole of sulfating agent for each mole of carbonbonded hydroxyl group desired to be sulfated in the silicone alcohol.

Effective catalysts for sulfations with sulfamic acid are dimethylformamide and dirnethylacetamide. These also can perform the function of solvent. Other amides, e.g., urea, are useful catalysts. Preferably the catalyst should be present at a concentration of 0.5% or higher and when the catalyst doubles as a solvent, its concentration can be higher, these concentrations being based on the total weight of the reaction mixture.

In the synthesis of the novel compounds of this invention, solvents are not always necessary but they may aid in increasing compatibility between reactants. Amides are excellent solvents in sulfations with sulfamic acid and, as pointed out above, they also function as catalysts. Dimethylformamide and dimethylacetamide are particularly effective. Sometimes halogenated hydrocarbons, aromatic hydrocarbons and ethers are desirable as solvents in processes of this invention. The amount of solvent used is not narrowly critical and depends upon the handling and compatibility characteristics desired. As an illustration, 10 to 1000 weight parts solvent per 100 weight parts of total reactants can be used.

Preferred reaction temperatures for sulfations with sulfamic acid using a catalyst are 85-95" C. Lower temperatures are i-mpractically slow; higher temperatures may 'be, used but appear to offer no advantage. In the absence of a catalyst, the preferred temperature range is 110- 140 C. Lower temperatures are impractically slow; higher temperatures seriously cleave ether or siloxane chains.

Preferred reaction temperatures for sulfations with chlorosulfonic acid are about to 40 C. Lower temperaturesare unnecessary; higher temperatures may lead to serious cleavage of ether or siloxane chains.

The above-described sulfation conditions can be employed to sulfate olefinically unsaturated organic ether or polyether alcohols (hereinafter called alkenyl organic ether alcohols for simplicity) used to produce the starting materials in the second named reaction, i.e., the addition of alkenyl organic ether sulfates and hydrosiloxanes. Such sulfations are depicted by the equation:

wherein R, b and c are as defined above and alkenyl is an alkenyl group having at least 2 and preferably 2 to 4 carbon atoms. Typical alkenyl organic ether alcohols include the monoallyl ethers of ethylene glycol, diethylene glycol, triethylene glycol, polyoxyethylene glycols having up to 100 oxyethylene units, poly(oxyethyleneoxypropylene) glycols containing up to 100 oxyethylene and oxypropylene units in random distribution, trimethylolpropane, pentaerythritol, 1,2,6-hexanetriol, 2,2-dimethyl-1,3- propanediol, trimethylolmethylbenzene, 2-phenyl-2-methylolpropanol, 2-methyl-2-methylolpropanol; the diallyl ether of trimethylolpropane, pentaerythritol, trimethylolmethylbenzene, and 1,2,6-hexanetriol; triallyl ether of pentaerythritol; 2-vinyl-4-hydroxybutyldioxolane; 2-vinyl- 4 (2 hydroxypropoxybutyl)dioxolane, acrolein-pentaerythritol condensates and methacrolein-pentaerythritol condensates.

In sulfations of silicone alcohols and olefinically unsaturated organic ether or polyether alcohols it is convenient to mix all of the sulfa-mic acid with the alcohol and heat to the chosen reaction temperature. Optionally, either reactant can be added to the other in increments while maintaining the chosen reaction temperature. In the case of chlorosulfonic acid, a stronger sulfating agent, sulfation should be accomplished by slow addition of the acid to the alcohol. By-product HCl is preferably removed by simultaneous sparging, use of reduced pressure or by an acid acceptor such as an amine. More powerful sulfating agents per se such as sulfur trioxide and sulfuric acid have limited application in synthesizing the novel compounds of this invention, or the intermediates used in making them, because of cleavage of ether or siloxane linkages. However, complexes of such sulfating agents (e.g., amine complexes) can be employed.

The silicone alcohols used as starting materials for the sulfation reaction described above can be prepared by the addition of alkenyl organic ether alcohols of the formula [HO] R[Alkenyl] (11) as described and typified above and hydrosiloxanes using the addition reaction conditions hereinafter described. The preparation of certain such silicone alcohols is also described in the copending application.

The alkenyl organic ether alcohols used as starting materials in the sulfation described above and in the addition reaction hereinafter described are readily prepared by known methods. For example, to form the monoallyl ethers listed after Equation 2 above, the specified organic alcohol (i.e., ethylene glycol, diethylene glycol, etc.) is reacted with substantially equimolar amounts or less of NaOMe to first form the monoalkoxide which is then reacted with allyl chloride to result in the monoallyl ether of the specified organic alcohols, which then can be separated in relatively pure condition. NaOH can be employed, if desired. To form the diallyl ethers listed after Equation 2 above, the respective specified organic alcohol (i.e., trimethylolpropane, pentaerythritol, etc.) is reacted with greater than equimolar amounts based on the respective functional groups, e.g., up to 2:1, of NaOMe to first form the dialkoxide which is then reacted with allyl chloride to result in the diallyl ether which then can be separated in relatively pure condition. The triallyl ethers listed after Equation 2 above are formed by reacting the specified organic alcohol (e.g., pentaerythritol) with 2 to 3 moles NaOMe per mole alcohol to first form the trialkoxide which then is reacted with allyl chloride to result in the triallyl ether which then can be separated in relatively pure condition.

ADDITION REACTION The addition reaction between an alkenyl organic ether sulfate and a hydrosiloxane can be depicted by the equation:

wherein M, R, R, alkenyl, a, b and c are as defined above.

The addition reaction between an alkenyl organic ether alcohol and hydrosiloxane in preparing the silicone alcohol starting material for sulfation can be depicted by the equation:

a a 1 x [HO]1,R[C H2 S (R) O 2 ]a wherein M, R, R, alkenyl, a, b and c are defined above.

In general, the reactions illustrated by Equations 3 and 4 can be conducted employing, preferably, from 10 to 20 parts, per million parts by weight of the reactants, of platinum, e.g., in the form of chloroplatinic acid dissolved, if desired, in a solvent such as tetrahydrofuran, ethanol, butanol or a mixture of ethanol and ethylene glycol dimethyl ether, or in the form of finely divided elemental platinum supported on a material such as gamma alumina or charcoal. The addition reactions are conducted at a temperature of from 60 C. to 200 C., or preferably at a temperature from 70 C. to C. It is preferred to conduct the reactions in the presence of a liquid organic compound or solvent in which the reactants are mutually soluble. Solvents are especially preferred in reaction (3) so as to provide greater compatibility between the highly polar sulfate and the relatively non-polar hydrosiloxane. Suitable solvents include atro matic hydrocarbons (e.g., toluene and xylene) and ethers (e.g., ethylene glycol diethyl ether, diethylene glycol dimethyl ether, diisopropyl ether, and dipropyl ether). Such solvents are employed in an amount from 10 parts to 1000 part by weight per 100 parts by weight of the reactants.

The relative amounts of the alkenyl organic ether sulfate or alcohol and the hydrosiloxane employed in producing the siloxanes of this invention are not narrowly critical. A slight excess of alkenyl organic ether sulfate or alcohol, e.g., 10% excess, is advantageous from the standpoint of more effective and more complete reaction of silanic hydrogen. In those case where it is desired to preserve some of the alkenyl groups in the alkenyl organic ether sulfate or alcohol (e.g., where it is desired to produce a siloxane of Formula 1 wherein R is of Formula (a) and R" is alkenyloxymethyl, or a siloxane of Formula 2, 3 or 4 wherein G is alkenyl, or a siloxane of Formula 5 wherein R is alkenyloxymethyl), it is desirable to employ amounts of the alkenyl organic ether sulfate or alcohol that provide a substantial stoichiometric excess of alkenyl groups. Similarly in those cases where an alkenyl organic ether sulfate or alcohol containing more than one alkenyl group is employed and it is desired to minimize cross-linking of siloxane molecules, a large exces of the alkenyl organic ether sulfate or alcohol can be employed.

The order in which the alkenyl organic ether sulfate or alcohol, the hydrosiloxane and the platinum catalyst are mixed in forming a reaction mixture for use in producing the siloxanes of this invention is not critical. The catalyst can be added separately to the alkenyl organic ether sulfate or alcohol or to the siloxane or can be added to a mixture of these materials. In reaction (4), it is preferable to add the siloxane to the alkenyl organic ether alcohol in increments since this technique minimizes any side reactions (e.g., reaction between the silanic hydrogen and the COH groups of alkenyl ether) which may occur to some extent. This technique of addition also aids in controlling the reactions, some of which are often exothermic. Additional catalyst can be added during the course of the reaction in the event the rate of reaction decreases (e.g,, due to catalyst poisoning).

Alkenyl organic ether sulfates used as starting materials in Equation 3 can be prepared by the reaction illustrated by and described in conjunction with Equation 2 and are typified by the following:

where n averages respectively 4, 6, 9, 13, 22, 35 and 67, NaO SO(C H O) OCH CH=CH where n averages respectively 2, 7, 17, and 40,

The hydrosiloxanes employed in producing the siloxanes of this invention contain the group represented by the formula:

wherein R and x have the above-defined meanings. Such starting siloxanes can also contain groups represented by Formula 10.

At the conclusion of the reactions illustrated by Equations 3 and 4, the siloxane of this invention produced as a product can be isolated from the reaction mixture by conventional means. When chloroplatinic acid is used as a catalyst, acidic compounds are formed which are preferably neutralized with a basic compound (e.g., sodium bicarbonate) before isolating the siloxane. Suitable means for isolating the siloxane include sparging the reaction mixture by passing an inert gas (e.g., nitrogen) through the reaction mixture which is maintained at an elevated temperature (e.g., a temperature up to C.) to volatilize any unreacted volatile starting materials. The insoluble catalyst and any insoluble byproduct can be conveniently removed by filtration. Fractional distillation can be employed where the siloxane is relatively volatile. In those cases :where the siloxane or the siloxane-solvent solution is immiscible with the reactants, separation can be achieved by decantation or use of a separatory funnel.

The above-described addition reactions producing the siloxanes of this invention are remarkably eflicient, particularly when allyl organic ether sulfate or alcohol starting materials are employed, as compared to seemingly analogous reactions involving allyl alcohol. Specifically, when allyl alcohol is reacted with a hydrosiloxane, the reaction of the COH group of the alcohol with silanic hydrogen occurs to a significant extent and may even be the predominant reaction. On the other hand, when alkenyl (particularly allyl) organic ether sulfates or alcohols are employed as described above in producing the siloxanes of this invention, little reaction between the COH groups in the alkenyl starting material and the silanic hydrogen occurs. Moreover, the reaction of such allyl organic ether sulfates or alcohols with hydrosiloxanes to produce siloxanes of this invention is extremely rapid as compared to the sluggish reactions of this type heretofore known.

The novel siloxanes are excellent anionic surfactants and are capable of greatly lowering the surface tension of water, in some cases, as low as 20* dynes/ cm. In some instances the surface tension lowering ability and wetting power of the novel siloxanes are superior to corresponding organic anionic surfactants. They are useful as powerful wetting agents for polyethylene, cotton and many other substrates. They are also useful as emulsifiers, foaming agents and detergent.

Aqueous solutions of the water-soluble novel siloxanes exhibit very low surface tensions and are useful in a variety of applications, e.g., the production of treating baths in the textile industries in wetting a wide variety of substrates including polyethylene, cotton, synthetic fibers (e.g., Fortrel, Dacron, Kodel, etc.), blends of cotton and synthetic fibers, etc.; in the production of emulsions for use in making polishes and waxes for floors, automobiles, furniture, etc.; in the production of cleaning solutions and so on. Such aqueous solutions can contain as little as 0.01 weight percent and up to 20% or the solubility concentration of the novel siloxane; however, in the usual case, amounts of 0.05 to 1 weight percent are useful for providing the surface tension lowering effects desired. The aqueous solutions can contain other water-soluble or Water-miscible solvents such as lower alkanols including methanol, ethanol, propanol, isopropanol and tert-butanol for a variety of purposes including to promote greater solubility of the novel siloxane or other components of the solution.

The following examples are presented in which Me represents methyl, Et represents ethyl, all refluxing was done at ambient pressure and all parts and percentages are on a weight basis, unless otherwise specified.

Example 1 An allylated polyether of average composition (298 g., 0.38 mole), the monoallyl ether of trimethylolpropane (53.8 g., 0.31 mole) and 375 ml. of toluene were weighed into a two-liter flask fitted with mechanical stirrer, thermometer and condenser. The mixture was heated to reflux, chloroplatinic acid (0.15 milli-moles of Pt) was added and a hydrosiloxane of average composition Me SiO (Mc SiO (MeHSiO) SiMe (148.2 g., 0.52 mole of silanic hydrogen) was added dropwise. The resulting mixture was refluxed and when the amount of residual silanic hydrogen had become very low, as noted by external silver tests, the reaction mixture was sparged with nitrogen at 130 C. The product (441 g.) was a liquid silicone alcohol having the approximate composition Me SiO [Me SiO] (HOCH C(Et) CH OC 1.75 1 c3H6SiMeO] 1.75SiMe3.

The above silicone alcohol (50 g., 0.059 mole of OH), sulfamic acid (5.3 g., 0.055 mole) and 0.15 g. of urea, as catalyst, were stirred together for 2 hours at 90 C. Analysis at this point showed that at least 88% of the sulfamic acid had reacted. The reaction mixture was neutralized with gaseous ammonia, then sparged briefly with nitrogen. The product was a silicone sulfate of the approximate composition It was a liquid with a viscosity of 60,000 centistokes. A one percent aqueous solution of this silicone sulfate had no cloud point up to 100 C. The solution was clear and remained so after boiling two hours. The surface tension of this solution at 25 C. was 34.6 dynes/cm.

Example 2 The monoallyl ether of trimethylolpropane (190 g., 1.1 moles), stearic acid (310 g., 1.1 moles), g. of concentrated sulfuric acid and 500ml. of toluene were heated together and water removed by azeotropic distillation. The theoretical amount of water for formation of the monostearate (19 g.) was removed. The reaction mixture was neutralized with sodium bicarbonate, filtered and desolvated by nitrogen sparging to 130 C. The product, having the average composition of the monostearate, was a waxy solid at room temperature.

The above monostearate (172 g., 0.38 mole) and 200 m1. of toluene were heated together to reflux, 0.022 millimole of platinum was added as chloroplatinic acid, and then a siloxane of the average composition Me SiO[Me SiO] [MeHSiO] SiMe (77 g., 0.27 mole SiH) was added dropwise while refluxing. When tests showed that essentially all of the SiH had reacted, the reaction mixture was sparged with nitrogen at 130 C. The silicone a1- cohol thus produced was a waxy solid at room temperature having the following analysis:

Analysis.-Br No. (percent), 3.8. OH (as COH) (percent) 1.4.

This confirmed the silicone alcohol as containing units of the formula a) 17 a5 a) 2 s) CH OC H SiMeO] The above silicone alcohol (50 g., 0.069 mole OH) and sulfamic acid (6.7 g., 0.069 mole) were dissolved in 30 g. of N,N-dimethylformamide and the solution heated and maintained at -95 C. for an hour. After this time, titration of an aliquot showed that more than of the sulfamic acid had reacted. The reaction mixture was neutralized with gaseous ammonia, filtered and sparged at 130 C. with nitrogen containing a little ammonia. The solid product (57.8 g.) was mostly a silicone sulfate of approximate average composition Analysis.--OH (as COH) (percent) 0.5; N, 2.1; S, 3.8.

Example 3 To a solution of the diallyl ether of trimethylolpropane (91 g., 0.43 mole), 200 ml. of toluene and 0.042 millimole of platinum (as chloroplatinic acid) at reflux was added 3-hydroheptamethyltrisiloxane,

Me SiOMeHSiOSiMe (121 g., 0.55 mole) dropwise. The reaction mixture was desolvated by sparging with nitrogen at 130 C. The resulting silicone alcohol was a liquid having a viscosity of 251centistokes, OH content of 2.2% and mainly comprise This silicone alcohol (85.9 g., 0.11 mole of OH) and sulfamic acid (14.1 g., 0.14 mole) were dissolved in g. of N,N-dirnethylformamide. The solution was heated at 8590 C. for 45 minutes. Ammonia gas was passed through the solution until the reaction mixture was alkaline and precipitated salts were removed by filtration. The filtrate was stripped at reduced pressure. The semisolid product was mainly an ammonium silicone sulfate of composition Si Me C3H OCH2] 2c (C2H5) (CH OSO NH It was insoluble in water and had the following analysis: Analysis.Calcd (percent): N, 1.9; Si, 22.3; S, 4.2. Found (percent): N, 2.2; Si, 16.2; S, 4.3; OH, 0.2.

It was useful in making water-in-oil (water-in-benzene) emulsions.

Example 4 A polyether of approximate composition (200 g., 0.12 mole of OH) was weighed into a 500 ml. flask fitted with stirrer, thermometer, sparge tube and dropping funnel. Chlorosulfonic acid (13.7 g., 0.12 mole) was added dropwise to the polyether at 25 C. A rapid stream of nitrogen was introduced during sulfation to remove by-product HCl. The resulting polyether acid sulfate was converted to the sodium salt by reaction with aqueous sodium hydroxide. Water was removed by azeotropic distillation with toluene. Decolorizing carbon and a filter aid (Hy Flo Super Cel) were added and the reaction mixture filtered. The filtrate was sparged with nitrogen. There resulted a polyether sulfate sodium salt of the following description:

Properties:

Viscosity, cs. at 2.5 C. 1400 1% aqueous cloud point, C. 72

Analysis.Found (percent): Na, 0.9; S, 1.3; Cl, 0.05; Br. No., 7.8. Approximate composition:

CH2: 19(C3H6O 14SO3N3.

A hydrosilox ane of aver age composition Me SiO Me SiO SiMe (19.7 g., .034 mole SiH), 75 g. of toluene and 0.036 milli-equivalents of Pt as chloroplatinic acid, were heated to 7080 C. A mixture of the polyether sulfate sodium salt (80 g., .039 mole), 75 g. of toluene and 0.015 milliequivalent of platinum as chloroplatinic acid was added dropwise. The reaction mixture was desolvated by sparging with nitrogen. The product was a silicone polyether sulfate of the following characteristics:

Properties:

Vicsosity, cps. at 25 C.15,000 1% aqueous cloud point, C. 100 Aqueous surface tension-Dynes/cm. at 25 C.

Cone. of surfactant (wt. percent):

Analysis.Found (percent): Na, 0.65; S, 1.0; Si, 7.0.

Approximate composition:

Example 5 A silicone alcohol of average composition It was a red, water-soluble oil. The silicone alcohol starting material was not soluble in water.

Example 6 A silicone alcohol of composition Mc SiOMe SiC H OCH C(C H 2 (25 g., 0.08 mole) prepared by reacting Me SiMe SiH with the monoallyl ether of trirnethylolpropane in the presence of chloroplatinic acid catalyst, and sulfamic acid (18 g., 0.19 mole) were added to 61 g. of N,N-dimethylformamide. The reaction mixture was heated for two hours at 85 C., made alkaline with gaseous ammonia and filtered. After desolvating the filtrate at reduced pressure, a semi-solid silicone sulfate was obtained. It was mainly of the composition Me SiOMe SiC H OCH C(C 11 (CH OSO NH 2 and has the following characteristics:

Properties:

(A) Aqueous surface tensions compared with sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate, NaDBS (Trepolate F-9.5"): 5

Dynes/cm. at 25 C. at indicated wt. percent surfactant Surfactant 1. 0. 1% 0. 01%

Silicone sulfate 21. 6 26. 52. 3 NaDBS 29.6 31.3 41.9

(B) Wetting, Synthron Tape Method: 4.1 seconds at 1.0 wt.-percent.

(C) Analysis.Found (percent): N, 8.5; S, 11.4; Si, 5.4.

(D) The foaming properties and stability of this silicone sulfate, at a concentration of one weight percent in water at pH 7, are shown in the following table:

Foam Hgt., mm., Ross-Miles at 25 0.

Aging time, days Initial 5 min Example 7 A silicone alcohol (100 g., 0.41 mole OH) obtained by reaction of 3-hydro-heptamethyltrisiloxane with the monoallyl ether of trimethylolpropane in the presence of chloroplatinic acid catalyst, sulfamic acid (58 g., 0.60 mole) and 159 g. of N,N-dimethylformamide were stirred together in a flask for one-half hour at C. The reaction product was made alkaline with gaseous ammonia and filtered. Solvent was removed from the filtrate leaving a water-soluble silicone sulfate. It had the following approximate average composition:

The surface tension of a 1% aqueous solution of this sulfate was 22.7 dynes/cm. at 25 C. Wetting time for this solution, by the Synthron Tape method, was 2.6 seconds at 25 C.

Example 8 A copolymer of the composition was prepared by reacting a hydrosiloxane of the composition M6 310 20 5SiMe3 (0.03 mole SiH) with the monoallyl ether of the formula (0.02 mole) in the presence of chloroplatinic acid catalyst. This copolymer g., 0.22 mole of OH) and sulfamic acid (2.5 g., .026 mole) were stirred together and heated at 85 C. for 25 minutes. The reaction mixture was neutralized with gaseous ammonia and filtered. The brown filtrate was a silicone sulfate having the approximate average composition An aqueous solution of one weight percent of this anionic surfactant had a surface tension of 26.2 dynes/cm. and no cloud point up to 100 C. The non-sulfated intermediate had a cloud point of 31 C.

13 Example 9 A copolymer of composition Me Si[Me SiO] was prepared by reacting a hydrosiloxane of the composition Me SiO[Me SiO] [HMeSiO] SiMe (0.06 mole SiH.) with the monoallyl ether of trimethylolpropane (0.03 mole) and the monoallyl monomethyl ether of polyoxyethylene having the formula had no aqueous cloud point up to 100 C. The non-sulfated intermediate had a broad aqueous clouding range of 0 -30 C.

. Example 10 A solution of sulfamic acid (8.3 g., .086 mole) in 50 milliliters of N,N-dimethylformamide was added drop wise to an agitated solution of a silicone alcohol of composition (20 g., .087 mole OH), prepared in the manner described in the copending application, in 20 milliliters of N,N- dimethyl formamide at 120 C. After completion of the addition, agitation at this temperature was continued one-half hour. The reaction mixture was neutralized with sodium bicarbonate and filtered. An aliquot of the filtrate (50 g.) was desolvated at reduced pressure. Fifteen grams of a soft, waxy silicone sulfate were obtained having the approximate average composition This was essentially a 100% yield. The surface tension of a one weight percent solution of this surfactant in water was 30.7 dynes/cm. at 25 C.

Example 11 A silicone alcohol, obtained by platinum-catalyzed additionof a hydrosiloxane of composition to the monoallyl ether of trimethylolpropane (50 g., 0.21 mole OH) and 200 ml. of triethylamine were stirred together in a flask. Chlorosulfonic acid (16.6 g, 0.14 mole) was added dropwise. The temperature of the reaction mixture was maintained at 3040 C. by external cooling. Five hundred milliliters of acetone were added and the mixture filtered. The filter cake was washed with more acetone and dried. This cake (16 g.) was triethylamine hydrochloride. The filtrate was placed in an evaporating dish and desolvated at room' temperature. Two liquid layers formed. The upper layer was stripped at reduced pressure to constant weight. The product (53 g.), a viscous fluid, was a trie'thylamine silicone sulfate having the approximate average composition Me SiO [Me SiO] (C H NHO SOCH 2 C SiMe It was soluble in water-ethanol (80-20 by volume) and was a profoamer.

14 Example 12 The low aqueous surface tensions and the good wetting characteristics of the silicone sulfates produced herein are shown in the following table where in the percentages given are weight percents of the sulfate in water:

Percent aqueous Wetting, Aqueous surface wetting see, syntension, dyncsl of polythron tape cm. at 25 C. ethylene method, Product of 1% 1% aqueous example No. 1. 0% 0. 1% 0. 01% solution 1 solution 3 7 21.6 26.5 52.3 83 4 8 22. 7 28. 8 47. 0 206 3 11 30. 7 31.8 41. 9 31 40 Sodium lauryl Sulfate 3 32. 9 30. 4 38. 2 38 3 1 Percent increase in drop diameter after 3 minutes. 2 Wetting time for distilled water was 950 seconds. Duponol C.

The silicone sulfates were particularly effective wetting agents for relatively low energy surfaces such as polyethylene.

Example 13 Snlfamic acid (7.8 g., .08 mole) was dissolved in g. of N,N-dimethylformamide. A silicone alcohol of composition Me SiO[HO(C H O) C H SiMeO]SiMe (30 g., .07 mole), prepared by platinum-catalyzed addition of distilled monoallyl ether of triethylene glycol to 3-hydroheptamethyltrisiloxane, was added. The resultant solution was heated one hour at 85-90 C. Then the reaction prodnot was neutralized with ammonia gas and was filtered. After stripping off the solvent, a very viscous, brown silicone sulfate was obtained. The composition was Aqueous surface tensions of this sulfate at concentrations of 1.0, 0.1 and .01 weight percent were 20.6, 21.6 and 34.6 dynes/crn. at 25 C., respectively. A one percent aqueous solution of this sulfate readily wetting polyethylene (590% increase in drop diameter in three minutes). Wetting time for this solution, by the Synthron Tape Method, was 13 seconds.

Example 14 When a copolymer of composition Me sio [Me sio] (HOCH C (Et) 3 5SiMC3 (0.36 mole of 0H) as prepared in Example 1 of the copending application and sulfamic acid (0.36 mole) are reacted in the manner set forth in Example 9 herein, there results a silicone sulfate having the approximate average composition M63810 1 2o 2C and having surface active properties.

Example 15 When a copolymer of composition Me SiO [M62810] 8'5 (HOCH CHFCHCH OCH C SiMe (0.36 mole of OH) as prepared in Example 2 of the copending application and sulfamic acid (0.36 mole) are reacted in the manner set forth in Example 9 herein, there results a silicone sulfate having the approximate average composition Me SiO [Me SiO] 8,5 (NH O SOCH (CH =CHCH and having surface active properties.

15 Example 16 When a copolymer of composition Me SiO [Me SiO] m5 (HOCH CH =CHCH OCH and having surface active properties.

Example 17 When a copolymer of composition [HOCH C [CH OC H SiMe (OSiMe 1 (0.36 mole of OH) as prepared in Example 6 of the copending application and sulfamic acid (0.36 mole) are reacted in the manner set forth in Example 9 herein, there results a silicone sulfate having the approximate average composition 2C 2] 2 and having surface active properties.

Example 18 When a copolymer of composition HCH C[CH OC H SiMe (OSiMe (0.36 mole of OH) as prepared in Example 7 of the copending application and sulfamic acid 0.36 mole) are reacted in the manner set forth in Example 9 herein, there results a silicone sulfate having the approximate average composition and having surface active properties.

Example 19 When a copolymer of composition Me SiO C H OC H SiMeO] SiMe (0.36 mole of OH) as prepared in Example 8 of the copending application and sulfamic acid (0.36 mole) are reacted in the manner set forth in Example 9 herein, there results a silicone sulfate having the approximate average composition and having surface active properties.

Example 20 When a copolymer of composition HOCGHU 2] 3 (0.36 mole of OH) as prepared in Example 9 of the copending application and sulfamic acid (0.36 mole) are reacted in the manner set forth in Example 9 herein, there results a silicone sulfate having the approximate average composition NH O S0C H [OC H SiMe(0SiMe and having surface active properties.

Example 21 When a mixture of a copolymer of the composition (HOCH (CH =CHCH OCH C (Et) CH OC H SiMe( OSiMe 2 and a copolymer of the composition (HOCH C (Et) [CH 0C H SiMe(OSiMe 2 (0.36 mole total OH in mixture) as prepared in Example 4 of the copending application and sulfamic acid (0.36 mole) are reacted in the manner set forth in Example 9 herein, there results a mixture of silicone sulfates having the approximate average compositions of (NH O SOCH HFCHCHgOCHg) C (Et) CH OC H SiMe(OSiMe 2 and (NH O SOCH C(Et) [CH OC H SiMe(0SiMe 2 and having surface active properties.

Using the procedures and starting materials described above, the following novel siloxanes are prepared:

where n averages respectively 4, 6, 9, 13, 22, 35 and 67 Na0 SO (C H O) OC H SiMe(OSiMe where n averages respectively 2, 7, 17 and 40 CHr-O MeaSiO [MezSiO] [(NH40 S 0 CHzhC CHgO CHCzHrSiMeOksSiMe,

MeaSiO [MegSiOM (NH4O S O C H2)2C OHaOG (Me) CQHASiMeOh SiMe The novel water-soluble siloxanes are profoamers, e.g., forming stable foams in aqueous systems, emulsifiers, e.g., for benzene-water systems, and surface tension lowering agents.

The siloxanes of this invention having sodium as the cation, M, can be converted to siloxanes having cations other, than sodium by conventional metathetical reactions using chlorides of such other cations, for example, of the formula MCl Sodium chloride is produced by the metathesis and the selection of reaction medium should be such that sodium chloride precipitates out while the siloxane reactant, the MCI reactant, and the siloxane product remain substantially in solution during the reaction. Since, in the metathesis, the siloxane reactant and product and many of the chlorides MCl are soluble in toluene and other while sodium chloride is not, either of these two solvents can be used as the reaction medium. For example, stannous chloride, stannic chloride, potassium chloride, aluminum chloride, and zinc chloride are soluble in ether, which can be used as the medium for the metathetical reaction to convert siloxanes having sodium as the cation M into corresponding siloxanes having stannous, stannic, potassium, aluminum or zinc as the cation M. When the cation M of the novel siloxanes is multivalent and the siloxane has substantially more than one sulfonate siloxy unit, cross-linking can occur through the multivalent cation to provide a threedimensional resin. By similar procedures ammonium and alkyl ammonium Siloxane sulfates may be prepared. Cation exchange resins can also be used to replace the cations of the novel siloxanes with other cations.

What is claimed is:

1. Siloxane containing the sulfatoorganoxyalkylsiloxy unit of the formula:

wherein M is a monovalent cation selected from the group consisting of ammonium, alkali metals, and trialkyl and tetraalkyl ammonium having 1 to 18 carbon atoms per alkyl substituent, a is an integer of 2 to 4, x is an integer of to 2, R is a monovalent hydrocarbon group having not more than 18 carbon atoms free of aliphatic unsaturation, R is a divalent polyoxyalkylene group having the formula:

tc H o-h,

wherein y is an integer of 2 to 4 and p is an integer of 2 to 100; each said sulfate group MO SO- being bonded to carbon of a carbon to carbon chain of said R group, said Siloxane containing 1 to 100 mole percent of sulfatoorganoxyalkylsiloxy units of said formula and 0 to 99 mole percent of units represented by the formula:

Z,SiO

wherein Z is a member selected from the group consisting of the monovalent hydrocarbon groups free of aliphatic unsaturation, hydrogen, and a monovalent polyoxyalkylene group of the formula DO(C I-I O) C H wherein D is a monovalent group selected from the class consistin of hydrogen, alkyl and aryl and having no more than 18 carbon atoms, y is an integer of 2 to 4, a is an integer of 2 to 3 and s is an integer of 1 to 100, and 2 has a value from 0 to 3 inclusive.

2. Siloxane as claimed in claim 1 wherein said cation is selected from the group consisting of ammonium, potassium, sodium, and trialkyl and tetralkyl ammonium having 1 to 18 carbon atoms per alkyl substituent.

3. Siloxane as claimed in claim 1 wherein y is 2.

4. Siloxane as claimed in claim 1 wherein tC H Oi is a mixed polyoxyalkylene chain.

5. Siloxane as claimed in claim 1 wherein C H Oh is a mixed polyoxyethyleneoxypropylene chain.

6. Siloxane as claimed in claim 1 wherein tC H oi is a polyoxypropylene chain.

7. Siloxane as claimed in claim 1 wherein M is sodium.

8. Siloxane as claimed in claim 1 wherein M is ammonium.

9. Siloxane as claimed in claim 1 and having the formula:

Me SiO (021140) 19 14 C H SiMe0] [Me SiO],,SiMe

wherein x is an integer of 0 to 25 and y is an integer of 1 to 7.

10. Siloxane as claimed in claim 1 and having the formula:

References Cited UNITED STATES PATENTS 3,109,012 10/1963 Rossmy et a1 260--448.2 3,133,949 5/1964 Rutkowski et al. 260448.8 X 3,161,611 12/1964 Rossmy 260448.8 X 3,183,254- 5/1965 Rossmy et al 260-4482 3,412,129 11/1968 Holdstock 260--448.2 3,418,352 12/1968 Rossmy 260-448.2

TOBIAS E. LEVOW, Primary Examiner P. F. SHAVER, Assistant Examiner US. Cl. X.R. 

